ฝรั่ง เชื่อว่าร้อยทั้งร้อยต้องเคยทานผลไม้ชนิดนี้ ซึ่งจริงๆแล้วฝรั่งเอง ก็จัดเป็นพืชสมุนไพรชนิดหนึ่งเหมือนกัน สำหรับสรรพคุณของมันนั้นมีมากมายทีเดียว เพื่อไม่ให้เสียเวลาเราไปทำความรู้จักกับผลไม้ชนิดนี้กันเลยนะครับ
ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์ psidium guajawa L. วงศ์ Myrtaceae
ชื่ออังกฤษ Guava
ชื่อท้องถิ่น จุ่มโป (สุราษฏร์ธานี) มะแกว (แพร่) มะกา (แม่ฮ่องสอน) มะมั่น (ลำปาง)มะปุ่น (สุโขทัย) มะก้วย (เชียงใหม่) สีดา (นครพนม) ชมพู่ (ปัตตานี)
ลักษณะทางพฤกษศาสตร์
ฝรั่งเป็นไม้ยืนต้นขนาดเล็กถึงกลางสูง 3 –8 เมตรเปลือกต้นเป็นสีน้ำตาลอ่อนใบเป็นใบเดี่ยวออกตรงข้ามหรือออกสลับกันมีขนเล็กน้อย ใบรูปร่างวงรี ขอบขนาน กว้าง4-6 เซนติเมตรยาว 7-12 เซนติเมตรดอกออกเป็นกระจุก 2- 4 ดอกบางครั้งออกเป็นดอกเดี่ยวผลเมื่อยังอ่อนมีสีเขียวแข็งรสฝาดเมื่อแก่จัดสีขาวจะอมเขียวสุกจะเป็นสีเหลืองอ่อน
การใช้เครื่องสำอางและสรรพคุณยา
ดับกลิ่นปาก
ใบฝรั่งมีน้ำหอมระเหย ช่วยกลบกลิ่นอาหารที่อยู่ในปากใบฝรั่งยังช่วยบำรุงรักษาเหงือกและฟันให้แข็งแรงด้วยดับกลิ่นปากให้เคี้ยวใบฝรั่ง 3 ใบ หรือ 3 ยอดหลังกินอาหารเสร็จใหม่ๆหรือเมื่อต้องการกลบกลิ่นปาก เคี้ยวให้ละเอียด อมไว้นานๆแล้วค่อยบ้วนทิ้ง
แก้ท้องเสีย
เนื่องจากมีสารแทนนินอยู่มาก ซึ่งสารนี้นอกจากจะช่วยยับยั้งการลุกลามของเชื้อโรคแล้วยังช่วยลดอาการอักเสบของกระเพาะอาหารและลำไส้ แก้ท้องเสียให้เคี้ยวยอดอ่อนทีละน้อยเพราะถ้ากินมากๆจะรู้สึกขม ถ้าเคี้ยวพร้อมเกลือเล็กน้อยจะช่วยให้กินง่ายขึ้นให้กินทั้งหมด 7 ยอด (1 ยอดมีใบอ่อน 4 ใบ)
สารสำคัญ
ใบฝรั่งมีน้ำมันหอมระเหยซึ่งประกอบด้วย nerolidol, limonene,caryophyllene cineol
และมีแทนนิน 8-10% เปลือกต้นเปลือกรากมีแทนนิน12-30%ผลดิบมีวิตามินซีมากจึงใช้กินแก้โรคลักปิดลักเปิดผลสุกมีสารเพกตินอยู่มากจึงใช้เป็นยาระบาย
ข้อควรระวัง
1.รับประทานมากเกินไปอาจทำให้ท้องผูก
2ก่อนรับประทานควรล้างให้สะอาดจากยาฆ่าแมลง
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