มะละกอ จริงๆแล้วจะว่ามะละกอเป็นพืช สมุนไพรไทย คงจะไม่ค่อยถูกนัก เพราะอะไร เพราะมะละกอเดิมเป็นพืชพื้นเมืองของทวีปอเมริกา (มาไกลแฮะ) ตอนมาก็หอบเสื่อผืนหมอนใบเข้ามาปัจจุบัน ออกลูกออกหลาน ขยายพันธ์เต็มบ้านเต็มเมืองเราได้ เริ่มต้นนั้นชาวยุโรปนำเข้ามาผ่านเรือสินค้าปัจจุบันก็กระจายกันไปจนทั่วทั้งภูมิภาคเอเชีย โดยเฉพาะบ้านเรามะละกอขึ้นชื่อมาก จนบางทีหลายคนคิดว่าถิ่นกำเนิดมาจากบ้านเรา อ้อฝรั้งนั้นรู้จักชื่อเสียงของมะละกอบ้านเราดี ในแง่ของการนำไปทำส้มตำหรือ papaya pok pok (ปาปาย่า ป็อก ป็อก ) ไม่เชื่อ seach google ดูโดยใช้คำว่า papaya pok pok มีแต่เว็บฝรั่งทั้งนั้น)
ชื่อเรียกโดยทั่วไป papaya
ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์ Carica papaya L.
วงศ์ CARICAEAE
ชื่อเรียกตามท้องถิ่น ในข้อมูลไม่บอกไว้ด้วย รู้แต่ว่า ภาคกลางเรียก มะละกอ ภาคอิสานเรียก บักหุ่ง (ใครพอรู้ของภาคอื่นๆ post ไว้ที่ comment หน่อยนะครับ)
ลักษณะทั่วไปของมะละกอ
ลำต้น เป็นพรรณไม่เนื้ออ่อน ไม่เหมาะแก่การนำมาสร้างบ้าน (แหงล่ะ) บางต้นสูงได้ถึง 8 เมตร ทีเดียว ไม่แตกกิ่งก้านสาขา ลำต้นตรง ก้านใบแตกออกมาลำต้นโดยตรง
ใบ เป็นแฉก มีรอยเว้าเล็กๆ คล้ายขนนก ใบมีเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางประมาณ 60 เซนติเมตร
ดอก มะละกอก็มีดอกนะครับถ้าไม่สังเกตจะไม่ค่อยเห็น ดอกตัวผู้มีสีเหลืองออกเขียว กลีบดอกบางยาว 2 ซม.ดอกตัวเมียไม่มีก้านดอก ยาว 7 เซนติเมตร เป็นดอกเดี่ยวและกระจุก กลีบดอกสีขาวเหลือง
ผล กลมยาวรี ผลดิบภายนอกมีสีเขียวเนื้อในสีขขาว เมื่อสุงอมจะมีสีเหลืองส้ม เนื้อหนานุ่ม น่ารับประทาน รสหวานฉ่ำ มีเมล็ดสีดำผิวขรุขระอยู่ด้านใน
สรรพคุณทาง สมุนไพรไทย
– นำผลดิบและผลสุกมาต้มกินเป็นยา ขับน้ำดี(ช่วยในการย่อยไขมัน) ขับน้ำเหลือง บำรุงน้ำนม ขับพยาธิ รักษาโรคริดสีดวงทวาร แบบไม่ต้องง้อยาริดสีดวงทวารตรา ปลามังกรคู่
– ผลสุกเป็นยาแก้ท้องผูกที่ดีมากๆ เป็นยาระบายชั้นดี
– นำเนื้อสุกมาปั่นพอกหน้าเพิ่มความชุ่มชื้น ดูรายละเอียดเพิ่มได้ที่เรื่อง “รวมสูตรสมุนไพร เพื่อการบำรุงผิวหน้าง่ายๆที่บ้าน”
มะละกับการประกอบอาหาร และคุณค่าทางอาหาร
– มะละกอเอามาทำอาหารได้หลากหลาย แต่ถ้ามะละกอดิบ แน่นอนส้มตำ
– อย่าคิดว่ามะละกอดิบจะทำส้มตำได้อย่างเดียว หั่นเป้นแว่นๆพอคำ ใส่แกงส้มปลาช่อน ที่ไม่ใช่แกงส้มAF ได้
-มะละกอสุก นำมาปอกเปลือกแล้วล้างให้สะอาด หั่นเป้นชิ้นเล็กๆ นำไปปั่นผสมน้ำตาล หรือน้ำเชื่อม และใส่เกลือเล็กน้อย คลายร้อนได้อย่างดี
-มะละกออุดมไปด้วย
> แคลเซี่ยม ช่วยบำรุงกระดูกและฟัน
> วิตามินซี เป็น สารต้านอนุมูลอิสระ (คลิกดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมได้) และช่วยป้องกันเลือดอกตามไรฟัน
> วิตามินเอ บำรุงสายตาและระบบประสาท
นี่แหละครับคือคุณค่าของมะละกอที่ผมเอามาฝาก อ่านบทความจบแล้วจะไปหามะละกอสักลูกมาทานก็ไม่ว่ากันครับ ทานเผื่อผมด้วย
ข้อมูลอ้างอิง herb&healthy ,thai wiki
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