น้ำกระเจี๊ยบ ผมว่าเราต้องเคยทานกันมาบ้าง ด้วยรสชาติที่เปรี้ยวนิดๆ อาจถูกใจหลายคน แต่จะบ้างไหมว่ากระเจี๊ยบที่เราทานกันนั้นแฝงด้วยคุณค่าสมุนไพรไทยอะไรบ้าง
ชื่อวิทย์ Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.
ชื่อวงศ์ Fam. : MALVACEAE
ชื่ออื่น
กระเจี๊ยบ, กระเจี๊ยบเปรี้ยว (ภาคกลาง)
ผักเก้งเค้ง, ส้มเก้งเค้ง (พายัพ)
ส้มตะเลงเครง, ส้มปู, ส้มพอเหมาะ (ภาคเหนือ) แกงแดง (เชียงใหม่)
ส้มพอดี (ภาคอีสาน)
ลักษณะทั่่วไป
ต้น เป็นพรรณไม้พุ่มขนาดเล็ก เป็นพืชปีเดียว ลำต้นสูงประมาณ 1 – 2 เมตร ส่วนลำต้น และกิ่งก้านนั้นจะมีสีม่วงแดง
ใบ มีลักษณะอยู่หลายชนิด ขอบใบเว้าลึก 3 หยัก หรือเรียบตัวใบเป็นรูปรีแหลม สำหรับ ก้านของใบนั้นจะยาว
ประมาณ 5 ซม.
ดอก ดอกมีสีชมพูตรงกลางจะมีสีเข้มกว่า ส่วนนอกดอกจะออกบริเวณง่ามใบ ก้านดอกจะสั้น กลีบรองดอกจะมีลักษณะ
เป็นปลายแหลม มีประมาณ 8 – 12 กลีบ กลีบเลี้ยงจะแผ่ขยาย ติดกันออกหุ้มเมล็ดไว้ มีสีแดงเข้มมีลักษณะที่
หักง่าย มีเส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางประมาณ 6 ซม.
เมล็ด ส่วนในของเมล็ดรูปไต เป็นสีน้ำตาลมีจำนวนมาก
การขยายพันธุ์ ใช้เมล็ดในการขยายพันธุ์ จะปลูกขึ้นได้ดีในดินที่ร่วนซุยและดินเหนียวที่ อุ้มน้ำได้ดี
ส่วนที่ใช้ ยอด ใบ กลีบเลี้ยง เมล็ด ยอดและใบ ใช้สด กลีบเลี้ยง ใช้ตากแห้งและใบสด
เมล็ด ใช้เมล็ดที่ตากแห้ง
สรรพคุณ
ยอดและใบ ยอดและใบ ช่วยย่อยอาหาร ละลายเสมหะ ขับปัสสาวะ หล่อลื่นลำไส้ เป็นยาบำรุงธาตุและ ยาระบาย
ใช้ภายนอกก็คือตำพอกฝี ต้มน้ำชะ ล้างแผล วิธีใช้โดยแกงหรือต้มกิน ใช้ภายนอก โดยเอาใบตำ
ให้ละเอียดแล้วนำมาประคบฝี ต้มเอาน้ำมาล้างแผล
เมล็ด ลดไขมันในเลือด บำรุงเลือด บำรุงธาตุ ขับน้ำดี ขับปัสสาวะ แก้ปัสสาวะขัดและเจ็บ เป็นยาระบาย
วิธีใช้บดให้ละเอียดเป็นผง ผสมกินหรือต้มน้ำกิน ใช้เมล็ดที่แห้ง
กลีบเลี้ยง ทำให้สดชื่น ขับปัสสาวะ ขับน้ำดี ลดไข้ แก้ไอ แก้นิ่ว แก้กระหายน้ำ วิธีใช้ โดยใช้ชงน้ำร้อนหรือต้มน้ำกิน
ใช้ที่ตากแห้งแล้วประมาณ 5 – 10 กรัมยา
สารอาหารที่สำคัญ กระเจี๊ยบอุดมไปด้วยแคลเซียม ฟอสฟอรัส เหล็ก และวิตามินซี นอกจากนี้ยังมีเส้นใยสูง ช่วยให้การขับถ่ายสะดวก ส่วนเมือกเหนียวของกระเจี๊ยบเป็นสารเคลือบกระเพาะ ช่วยรักษาโรคกระเพาะและลำไส้อักเสบได้ดีอีกด้วย
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