Nov 222012
 

หัวข้อของเนื้อหาในตอนนี้อาจยาวไปนิดนึง แต่ยืนยันได้ว่าพืชสมุนไพรไทย อย่างชะอมนั้นสามารถ นำมาประกอบอาหารได้หลากหลาย โดยเฉพาะเมนูเด็ดอย่างไข่เจียวกับชะอม ที่ไว้ทานคู่กับน้ำพริกกะปิ เมนูนี้อร่อยอย่าบอกใคร สำหรับชะอมนั้นเป็นพืชที่พบเห็นได้ทั่วไป(ตามตลาด) ซึ่งตัวของชะอมนั้นมีคุณค่าดีๆด้านสมุนไพรอยู่มาก รวมถึงคุณค่าทางด้านโภชนาการที่หลากหลาย ลองมารู้จักกับชะอมไปพร้อมๆกันนะครับ

ชะอมชื่อทางวิทยาศาสตร์   Acacia Pennata (L.) Willd.Subsp.InsuavisNielsen

ชื่อวงศ์           Fabaceae

ชื่อทั่วไป        ชะอม หรือ Acacia pennata

ชื่ออื่นๆของชะอม   ผักหละ ผักลำ ผ้าห้า ผักป่า ผักแก่ ผักขา

ลักษณะของต้นชะอม

  •  ลำต้น ชะอมเป็นไม้พุ่มขนาดย่อมไม่สูงมาก แต่เคยมีพบการพบชะอมในป่า ลักษณะเป็นต้นไม้ใหญ่ วัดเส้นรอบวงของลำต้นได้ 1.2 เมตร กิ่งก้านของชะอมมีหนามแหลม
  •  ใบ ลักษณะ เป็นใบประกอบขนาดเล็ก มีก้านใบแยกเป็นใบอยู่  2 ทาง ลักษณะคล้ายใบกระถิน (แยกได้โดยการสังเกตุดีๆหรือดมกลิ่น)  ใบอ่อนมีกลิ่น ฉุนคล้ายกลิ่นลูกสะตอแต่ก็ไม่เหมือนซะทีเดียวนะครับ ใบเรียงแบบสลับใบย่อย ออกตรง ข้ามกัน ใบย่อรูปรี มีประมาณ 13-28 คู่ ขอบใบเรียบ ปลายใบแหลม ส่วนที่มักนำไปทานก็คือใบออ่นหรือยอกของชะอมนั่นเอง
  • ดอก ชะอมจะออกที่ซอกกิ่ง สีขาวหรือขาวนวล ดอกขนาดเล็กและเห็นชัด เฉพาะเกสรตัวผู้ที่เป็นฝอยๆ
  •  ผล เป็นฝัก มีขนาดเล็กกว่าฝักกระถิน

คุณค่าทางโภชนาการของชะอม
ชะอมเแป็นพืชสมุนไพรที่มีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการที่จัดว่าไม่เบาเลยทีเดียว โดยยอดชะอม 100 กรัม ให้สารอาหารต่างๆดังนี้

  • ให้พลังงานกับร่างกาย   57 กิโลแคลอรี่
  • มีเส้นใย ซึ่งมีส่วนช่วยระบบขับถ่ายอยู่ 5.7 กรัม
  • มีแคลแซียมซึ่งเป็นส่วนสำคัญในการบำรุงกระดูกและฟันอยู่ 58 มิลลิกรัม
  • ฟอสฟอรัสซึ่งช่วยให้วิตามินบีต่างๆทำงานอย่างเต็มประสิทธิภาพซึ่งมีอยู่ถึง 80 มิลลิกรัม
  • ธาตุเหล็กซึ่งเป็นส่วนสำคัญของเม็ดเลือด บำรุงโลหิต    4.1 มิลลิกรัม
  • มีวิตามินต่างๆดังนี้  วิตามินเอ(บำรุงสายตา) 10066 IU วิตามินบีหนึ่ง 0.05 มิลลิกรัมวิตามินบีสอง 0.25 มิลลิกรัม ในอาซิน 1.5 มิลลิกรัม วิตามินซี 58 มิลลิกรัม

คุณค่าทางด้านสมุนไพรไทย

ใบชะอม (เน้นที่ใบหรือยอดอ่อน)   สามารถช่วยลดความร้อนในร่างกายได้

รากชะอม   หากนำมาต้มรับประทาน  จะช่วยแก้อาการท้องอืดท้องเฟ้อ ลดกรด จุกเสียดแน่นท้องและขับลมในกระเพาะอาหาร

ข้อควรระวังเล็กๆน้อยๆในการรับประทานชะอม

ผักชะอมในช่วงหน้าฝน จะมีรสเปรี้ยว กลิ่นฉุนมาก บางครั้งหากรับประทานเข้าไปอาจทำให้ปวดท้องและสำหรับคุณแม่ลูกอ่อนแนะนำว่าไม่ควรรับประทาน เพราะจะทำให้น้ำนมแห้งได้

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