ตอนเด็กๆ ระหว่างทางเดินกลับบ้านจะมีวัชพืชชนิดหนึ่งที่ผมมักจะเล่นด้วยประจำ นั่นคือเวลาที่เราจับใบของมันใบของมันจะหุบอัตโนมัติ จากต้นเขียวๆจะกลายเป้นต้นแดงๆเหมือนมันเหี่ยวภายในพริบตา แปลกดีเหมือนกัน พืชชนิดนี้มีชื่อว่าไมยราบนั่นเอง หลายคนมักมองว่าไมยราบเป็นเพียงวัชพืชที่ไม่มีค่าอะไร แต่จริงๆแล้วไมยราบจัดเป็นสมุนไพรไทยชนิดหนึ่งที่มีคุณค่ามากทีเดียว มารู้จักพืชสมุนไพรชนิดนี้กันเถอะครับ.
ชื่อโดยทั่วไป ไมยราบ หรือ Sensitive plant (ชื่อบอกลักษณะได้อย่างไร ว่าเป็นพืชที่อ่อนไหว แค่มีอะไรมากระทบก็หุบใบได้เอง)
ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์ : Mimosa pucida L. วงศ์ : Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae)
ชื่อตามอื่นๆภูมิภาค : เนื่องจากไมยราบเป็นสมุนไพร ที่พบได้ทุกภูมิภาคของไทย จึงมีชื่อเรียกต่างๆกัน ได้แก่ กระทืบยอด หนามหญ้าราบ (จันทนบุรี) กะหงับ (ภาคใต้) ก้านของ (นครศรีธรรมราช) ระงับ (ภาคกลาง) หงับพระพาย (ชุมพร) หญ้าจิยอบ หญ้าปันยอด (ภาคเหนือ)
ถิ่นกำเนิด : อเมริกาใต้ แต่ประเทศไทยนำเข้าโดยกรมทางหลวงเพื่อช่วยคลุมหน้าดิน นับว่ามีประโยชนืมากทีเดียว
ลักษณะต้นไมยราบ : ไมยราบเป็นไม้ล้มลุกอายุหลายปี ทอดเลื้อยตามพื้นดิน บางครั้งพบว่าสูงถึง 1 ม. มีขนหยาบปกคลุมลำต้น แกนก้านใบ ท้องใบ และช่อดอก ใบเป็นใบประกอบแบบขนนก 2 ชั้น แกนกลางรวมก้านใบยาว 2.5-5 ซม. ใบประกอบย่อยมี 1-2 ใบ ยาว 1.5-7 ซม. ใบย่อยมี 12-25 คู่ รูปขอบขนานหรือคล้ายๆ รูปเคียว ยาว 0.5-1 ซม. ช่อดอกออกเดี่ยวหรือเป็นคู่ ตามซอกใบ ก้านช่อดอกยาวประมาณ 2.5-4 ซม. ดอกจำนวนมาก ไร้ก้าน กลีบเลี้ยงเล็กมากประมาณ 0.1 มม. กลีบดอกรูประฆังแคบ ยาวประมาณ 2 มม. กลีบดอกมนกลม ยาว 0.5-0.8 มม. เกสรเพศผู้มี 4 อัน รังไข่ยาวประมาณ 0.5 มม. เกลี้ยง ฝักมีหลายฝักในแต่ละช่อดอก รูปขอบขนาน ตรง ยาว 1.5-1.8 ซม. มีขนแข็งตามขอบ
สรรพคุณทางด้านสมุนไพรไทย
ราก แก้ไอ ขับเสมหะ แก้หลอดลมอักเสบเรื้อรัง แก้ระบบการย่อยอาหารของเด็กไม่ดี บำรุงกระเพาะอาหาร ทำให้ตาสว่าง ระงับประสาท แก้บิด ขับปัสสาวะ รักษาโรคปวดเวลา มีประจำเดือน ถ้าไข้ขนาดสูงมากๆ จะเกิดอาการคลื่นไส้ อาเจียน แก้ริดสีดวงทวารรสขมเล็กน้อย ฝาด ปวดข้อ กระเพาะอาหารอักเสบเรื้อรัง
ต้น ขับปัสสาวะ แก้ไตพิการ แก้ทางเดินปัสสาวะอักเสบ ขับระดูขาว ขับโลหิต
ใบ แก้เริม งูสวัด โรคพุพอง ไฟลามป่า
ทั้งต้น ขับปัสสาวะแก้ไตพิการ แก้ทางเดินปัสสาวะอักเสบ ขับระดูขาว แก้ไข้ออกหัด แก้นอนไม่หลับ แก้กระเพาะอาหารอักเสบ สงบประสาท แก้ลำไส้อักเสบ แก้เด็กเป็น ตานขโมย แก้ผื่นคัน แก้ตาบวมเจ็บ แก้แผลฝี
จะเห็นว่าไมยราบมีสรรพคุณทางด้านสมุนไพรไทยมากมายจริงๆ จะลองเอามาปลูกดูก็ไม่เสียหลายนะครับ
ขอบคุณที่มาของข้อมูล : คุณนพพล เกตุประสาท หน่วยอนุรักษ์และใช้ประโยชน์พืชพรรณ ฝ่ายปฏิบัติการวิจัยและเรือนปลูกพืชทดลอง มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ วิทยาเขตกำแพงแสน จ. นครปฐม เผยแพร่ใน ใน web ของ ฝ่ายปฏิบัติการวิจัยและเรือนปลูกพืชทดลอง มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์
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