ใกล้ถึงวันที่ 12 สิงหาคมเข้าไปทุกที ยังไงทางเว็บไทยสมุนไพร.net ขออวยพรให้คุณแม่ทุกท่านมีสุขภาพอนามัยที่แข็งแรงนะครับ และขอเป็นตัวแทนสำหรับลูกๆทุกคนในการกล่าวคำขอบคุณ สำหรับพระคุณมากมายที่มีให้ลูก พูดถึงวันแม่ แน่นอนต้องนึกถึงดอกมะลิ ซึ่งเป็นสัญลักษณ์ของวันนี้ ซึ่งหลายท่านนำมามอบให้แม่เพื่อเป็นการแสดงถึงการสำนึกในพระคุณ แต่รู้หรือไม่ มะลินั้นก็จัดว่าเป็น สมุนไพรไทย ชนิดหนึ่งเหมือนกัน ลองมารู้จักดอกมะลิในอีกมุมกันดูครับ
มารู้จักมะลิกันเถอะ
- ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์ Jasminum sambac Ait วงศ์ Oleaceae
- ชื่ออังกฤษ Arabian jasmine
- ชื่อท้องถิ่น ข้าวแตก (ฉาน-แม่ฮ่องสอน) เตียงมุน (ละว้า-เชียงใหม่)มะลิป้อม (เหนือ) มะลิหลวง (แม่ฮ่องสอน)
ต้นกำเนิด ลักษณะทางพฤกษศาสตร์ของดอกมะลิ
จริงๆหลายคนอาจคิดว่าดอกไม้สมุนไพรไทยเช่นมะลิเป็นดอกไม้ที่มีต้นกำเนิดในไทย แต่จริงแล้วกลับมีต้นกำเนิดจากประเทศอินเดีย ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ในพิธีทางศาสนา ซึ่งคล้ายๆกับเมืองไทยที่นำมาร้อยบูชาพระ ซึ่งการนำพันธ์ดอกมะลิเข้ามาในไทยเมื่อไหร่ผมเองก็ไม่มีข้อมูล สำหรับลักษณะมะลินั้น มะลิไม้พุ่มขนาดสูงไม่เกิน 2 เมตรแตกกิ่งสาขามาก กิ่งอ่อนมีข้นสั้น ใบ เดี่ยวออก ตรงข้ามกัน ขอบใบเรียบ ดอก เดี่ยวหรือออกเป็นช่อละ 2-3 ดอก กลีบเป็นหลอดสีขาว กลีบดอกสีขาวมีกลิ่นหอม เรื่องของดอกขอบอกนิดนึงจริงแล้วมะลิมีสายพันธ์เกือบ 200 สายพันธ์ ซึ่งบางสายพันธ์เป็นดอกสีเหลืองก็มีนะครับ** แต่หายากและไม่นิยมเท่าดอกสีขาว
สรรพคุณทางด้านสมุนไพรไทยของมะลิ
- สุวคนธบำบัด หรือการบำบัดด้วยกลิ่นหอม น้ำมันหอมระเหยจากดอกมะลิเรียกว่า jasmine oil ซึ่งมีกลิ่นหอมหวาน ให้ความรู้สึกอบอุ่น มีผลต่ออารมณ์ ลดอาการซึมเศร้า ผ่อนคลายความตึงเครียดและความกลัว บรรเทาอาการปวดศีรษะ ใช้ทำหัวน้ำหอมและแต่งกลิ่นในเครื่องสำอางหลายชนิด ซึ่งการ jasmin oil จากดอกมะลิ ในอดีตใช้วิธีอองเฟลอราจ (enfkeurage) เป็นการสกัดโดยการใช้ไขสัตว์ดูดซับกลิ่นไว้ แล้วนำไปละลายในแอลกอฮอล์ ซึ่งมีขั้นตอนที่ยุ่งยาก จึงเปลี่ยนมาเป็นวิธีสกัดด้วยตัวละลายเฮกเซน หรือปิโตเลียมอีเทอร์ โดยนำดอกไม้มาแช่ในตัวทำละลาย จากนั้นกรองกากดอกไม้ออก แล้วนำสารสกัดไประเหยตัวทำละลายออก สารหอมที่ได้เรียกว่า concrete เวลาใช้ นำมาละลายในแอลกอฮอร์เรียก absolute ใช้ทาภายนอกเท่านั้น ปัจจุบันสามารถสังเคราะห์ได้ราคาที่ถูกกว่าและมีประสิทธิภาพเท่าเทียมกัน
- ดอกสด ใช้ร้อยมาลัยและอบขนมให้มีกลิ่นหอม ดอกเริ่มบานใช้ลอยน้ำให้มีกลิ่นหอม เพื่อใช้ดื่มและทำขนม เช่น ลอดช่องน้ำกะทิ ซ่าหริ่ม ทับทิมกรอบ
- ดอกแก่ เข้ายาหอม แก้หืด บำรุงหัวใจ
- ใบ แก้ไข้ ปวดท้อง แน่นท้อง ท้องเสีย พอกแก้ฟกชำ แผลเรื้อรัง โรคผิวหนัง บำรุงสายตา ช่วยขับถ่าย
- ราก แก้ร้อนใน เสียดท้อง รักษาหลอดลมอักเสบ ขับประจำเดือน แก้ปวดเคล็ดขัดยอก
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมอื่นและข้อควรระวัง น้ำมันหอมระเหย จากดอกมี benzyl alcohol, benzylacetate, D-linalool, jasmine, anthranilacid methyester, indol, P-cresol, geraniol, methyljasmonat ใน ใบ มี jasminin, sambacin ซึ่งน้ำมันหอมระเหยจากดอกมะลิให้ใช้ภายนอกเท่านั้น ห้ามรับประทานและห้ามใช้กับสตรีมีครรภ์
บทความนี้ re-write ใหม่อีกครั้งจากบทความเดิมในปี 2555 และขอบคุณข้อมูลจาก คุณ dogstar ใน blog OKnation และข้อมูลทางสรรพคุณบางส่วนนำมาจาก cyclopaedia.net
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